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In these places, the magnetic field lines can continuously reconnect while slipping and flipping around each other. The standard 3D model of solar flares has shown that they occur in places where the magnetic field is highly distorted. Knowing the standard scientific models are right is therefore very important. In 1859 the Carrington storm made night skies so bright that newspapers could be read as easily as in daylight and telegraph systems caught fire. One such event hit the Earth before technology was as integrated into human civilization as it is now, but still had a marked effect. Very large flares can even create currents within electricity grids and knock out energy supplies.” “They can also threaten airlines by disturbing the Earth’s magnetic field. Indeed, CMEs can damage satellites and therefore have an enormous financial cost.”
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Human civilisation is nowadays maintained by technology and that technology is vulnerable to space weather. The paper’s lead author, Dr Jaroslav Dudik, Royal Society Newton International Fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Centre for Mathematical Sciences, said: “We care about this as during flares we can have CMEs and sometimes they are sent in our direction. Late last year The UK’s MET Office announced it would set up a daily space weather forecast to work with the USA’s Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC).
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Space weather such as CMEs has been identified as a significant risk to the country’s infrastructure by the UK’s National Risk Register. While solar flares have long been a spectacular reminder of our star’s power, they are also associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) – eruptions of solar material with a twisted magnetic structure flying out of the Sun and into interplanetary space. The study is published in The Astrophysical Journal. The discoveries of a gigantic energy build-up bring us a step closer to predicting when and where large flares will occur, which is crucial in protecting the Earth from potentially devastating space weather. New footage put together by an international team led by University of Cambridge researchers shows how entangled magnetic field lines looping from the Sun’s surface slip around each other and lead to an eruption 35 times the size of the Earth and an explosive release of magnetic energy into space. Scientists have for the first time witnessed the mechanism behind explosive energy releases in the Sun’s atmosphere, confirming new theories about how solar flares are created.